IBYO WAMENYA KU MATORA YO MURI AMERIKA YABAYE KURI UYU WA 3 UGUSHYINGO 2020

Kuva mu 1788-1789, umwaka wabayemo amatora ya mbere ya president wa USA, aho George Washington wari umugaba mukuru w’ingabo zarwaniye ubwigenge bwa Amerika, agatorwa n’inteko yose itora bita college electorale, agahigo yihariye wenyine kugeza ubu, Amerika iri mu matora ya 59 y’umukuru w’igihugu kuri uyu wa 3 ugushyingo 2020.
Kuruhande rumwe, umurepublicani Donald Trump uri kurangiza mandate ye ya mbere dore ko yinjiye mu nzu yera kuwa 20 Mutarama 2017, Ku myaka 74, umushoramari muby’ubwubatsi n’amahoteli, umushyushyarugamba mu biganiro bya television, imvugo itari imenyerewe kuba president kuko atabaye muri politiki cyane, niwe byarangiye abaye president wa 45 wa USA.
Arahatanira gukomeza kuyobora iki gihugu atsindagira imvugo igira iti America First.

Kurundi ruhande, Umudemocrate Joe Biden wabaye visi president muri mandate ebyiri za President Barack Hussein Obama wabaye president wa 44 wa USA. Biden w’imyaka 78 akomoka muri Reta ya Pennsilvanie mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa USA. Intero ye mu kwiyamamaza ni America will be back, yumvikanisha ko isura ya nyayo ya Amerik yahindanyijwe na Donald Trump ariko ko natorwa azagarura isura n’ubuhangage bya Amerika.

Buri umwe muri aba yanga akunze yashyize imbaraga mu bikorwa byo kwiyamamaza muri za reta zitwa etats clés cyangwa reta ziba zifashe runini mu matora ya Amerika kuburyo kuzitsindamo biba bivuze ko n’amatora yose muri rusange ugomba kuyatsinda.
Etat pivot, etat charniere, ni reta usanga mu matora itegamiye ku ishyaka na rimwe hagati y’abademocrates n’abarepublicains nkuko nyinshi muri reta zindi usanga bizwi ko ziherereye ku ruhande runaka muri ayo mashyaka abiri.
Ku ikarita y’igihugu yerekana Reta n’amashyaka aziganjemo, izi reta zitwa reta z’ibanze mu matora zihabwa ibara rya Violet mugihe iziba ari reta z’abademocrates zihabwa ibara ry’aba democrats naho reta z’abarepublicains zo zigahabwa ibara ry’umutuku.
Urugero reta ya Californie ituwe kurusha izindi muri amerika na reta ya new York bisanzwe biri mu ibara ry’ubururu bivuze ko zisanzwe zitora umukandida w’umu democrates. Ibi bituma nta mbaraga nyinshi zishyirwa mu bikorwa byo kuhiyamamaza kuko kuri Biden w’umudemocrates bisa nibiba byizewe kuhabona insinzi no kuri Trump w’umurepublicain akaba atahata imbaraga nyinshi kuko aba azi ko kuhatsinda bisa n’ibidashoboka.
Ni ikinyuranyo kuri reta nka Alaska na Alabama zibera mu ibara ritukura kuko zimenyereweho gutora abarepublicains, bivuze ko Biden atahabara insinzi kuburyo bworoshye.
Reta zibanze zo nta ruhande ruhamye ziba zizwiho kuko ziba zishobora gutora aba republicains mu matora amwe, mu yandi ugasanga zagiye kuruhande rw’aba democrates, ni nayo mpamvu abakandida ari zo bibandaho cyane banagendeye ku mubare w’abatora bakuru baba bari muri izo reta abo bita les grands electeurs.
Buri reta iba igomba kuba ifite abatora bakuru byibura 3 ariko bitewe numubare w’abayituye bagenda barushaho kwiyongera.
Mu matora y’uyu mwaka hitawe cyane kuri za reta 6 zingenzi bita swing states zirimo, Floride bita sunshine states ifite abatora bakuru 29 ubushize Donald Trump yatsinze muri Floride kubera gutorwa n’abasheshe akanguhe ariko kuri ubu abakuze ni bamwe mu bantu bikoma cyane Trump kubera uburyo bamushinja kujenjekera Coronavirus kandi yibasira cyane abasheshe akanguhe ni bimwe mu bituma Joe Biden ahabwa amahirwe kumurusha muri iyi ret adore ko mu majwi yagateganyo kugeza ubu ari imbere ho 2%.
Coroline du nord ni reta ifite abatora bakuru 15. Ni reta yari yaratoye Trump muri 2016 atorwa n’abasheshe akanguhe, n’abazungu bakuru batuye mu byaro cyane, naho Joe Biden kuri ubu yashyize imbaraga mu kureshya urubyiruko n’abatuye mu mijyi muri iyi Reta ndetse hari icyizere ko nabwo amatora yarangira ari imbere muri iyi Reta.
Pennsylvanie, bagira abatora bakuru 20. Joe Biden yavukiye aha mu gace kitwa Scranton. Nubwo ntawabihamya ijana kurindi ariko kuba ari iwabo bishobora kuba amahirwe yo gutuma iyi reta yari imaze igihe kinini itora ishyaka ry’abarepublicain ishobora guhindukirira umwana wabo w’umu democrate. Muri 2016, Trump yarushije Hillary amajwi make cyane muri iyi Reta ariko insinzi yaho niyo isa niyahise ica urubanza rwa nyuma iha Trump insinzi rusange.

Wisconsin, ni reta ifite abatora bakuru 10. Ni ahantu bita ikaragiro rya Amerika kubera umukamo mwinshi uhava. Muri 2016 batoye Trump, ariko kuri ubu byagateganyo Biden ari imbere ya Trump ho 8% nubwo bitahita byemeza ko iyi reta izatora Biden bitewe n’ubushyamirane bumaze iminsi buhavugwa hagati y’abarwanya irondaruhu n’abahezanguni bita extreme droite byanateje imvururu zaguyemo abagera kuri 2 nyuma y’aho umwirabura Jacob Blake yarasiwe n’umupolisi w’umuzungu amasasu 7 mu mujyi wa Kenosha.
Biden yizeye kuzabona amajwi y’abirabura benshi kuko bazi ko Trump ntacyo yakoze ku irondaruhu ryakajije umurego muri iki gihe.
Texas, abatora bakuru 38 ni hamwe mu mahafatwa nk’ipfundo ry’insinzi. Donald Trump ari imbere ya Biden ho 1% by’agateganyo. Aha arisha politiki yo gukumira abimukira batemewe n’amategeko no guteza imbere inganda n’ubucukuzi bwa petrole muri ibi bice.
Texas kuva muri 80 yahoze itora aba republicain ariko Biden ngo ashobora kuzatungurana kubera ko muri Texas hiyongereyemo umubare munini w’urubyiruko rwize cyane rukeneye impinduka.
Ohio ni indi reta nayo abakandida baba bahigiye cyane. Ifite abota bakuru 18. Muri 2016, Trump yatsinze Arusha Hillary 8% by’amajwi kubera aba democrates batengushwe na politiki ya Hillary gusa nanone ngo ibyo Trump yasezeranije iyi reta yakubiswe hasi n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu buva mu nganda, n’ubuhinzi ntabyo yakoze bishobora kuba amahirwe kuri Biden yo gusubiza iyi reta ku ruhande rw’aba democrates.
Kugeza ubu ni isibaniro ry’ihangane hagati ya Trump na Biden ariko Trump ari imbere gato ya Biden amurusha ibice ku ijana.
Michigan nayo ni reta yibanze cyane. Ifite abatora bakuru 16. Mu mateka iyi reta yakunze gutora aba democrates uretse ko Trump yegukanye insinzi muri 2016 abasezeranya kuzahura ubukungu bushingiye ku nganda bwahungabanye kuva mu nkubiri ya 2008 y’ihanantuka ry’ubukungu.
Biden kuri ubu ahahagaze neza byagateganyo kuko Arusha Trump amajwi 8% ndetse akaba yishyingikirije ko guverinerikazi wa Michigan Gretchen Whitmer usanzwe wanga byeruye Trump ndetse akaba aherutse kugerageza gushimutwa n’abahezanguni ba extreme droites ibintu bishobora kugira uruhare mu kubuza Trump amahirwe nkayo yahabonye ubushize.
Georgia n’abatora bakuru 16, Arizona n’abatora bakuru 11 ndetse na Iowa n’abatora bakuru 6 ni reta zindi eshatu ziri mu 10 zifatwa nka Swing States cg etat pivots muri aya matora ya none.
Mbibutse ko mu matora amaze igihe aba mumareta atandukanye iyo umukandida arushije undi muri Reta runaka niyo yamurusha ijwi rimwe gusa, bihita byitwa ko iyo reta yose yatoye uwo watsinze. Ni ihame bisa Le gagnat s’empare de tout. Amajwi yose ahita ayegukana.
Amatora yo kuri uyu wa 3 ugushyingo ubusanzwe ni ayo bita amatora ya rubanda akaba ari amatora asa n’ayagateganyo kuko asiga hamenyekanye abatora bakuru bose hamwe baba bangana na 538 bagize ikitwa College electorale batorwa muri buri reta, aba ni nabo bakora icyiciro cya nyuma cy’amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu ateganyijwe mu kuboza tariki ya 14. Nibwo bazahitamo president.
Aba 583, ari nayo mpamvu bibaho cyane ko umukandida warushije undi mu matora y’agateganyo nk’ari kuba none usanga Atari we uzatowe n’inteko itora College electorale.
100 senateri, abahagarariye ama reta nk’abatora bakuru bose hamwe ni 435 bahuje ya mibare twagiye tubona y’abatora bakuru bava mu mareta atandukanye basumbana mu mibare bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’abatuye izo reta. Abo bose uteranyijeho ba basenateri babiri babiri baba bahagarariye buri reta mu nteko, ubwo ni 100, baba bose hamwe 535 biyongeraho abasenateri bihariye bahagarariye District ya Columbia muri Washington bose hamwe bakaba 538.
Mu magambo makeya kuri uyu wa 3 ugushyingo, uwa kabiri mardi ikurikira kuwa mbere Lundi ya mbere y’ukwezi kwa 11 nkuko bihora bigenda mu mateka, bakawita election day. Ni umunsi koko hatorwa ingeri zitandukanye Atari abatora bakuru gusa, ahubwo hatorwa n’abasenateri bahagararira za reta, abadepite, aba cheriff n’izindi ngeri tutarambura aka kanya.
Kumenya president mushya wa USA, biteganyijwe kuya 6 mutarama 2021 ubwo hazarebwa umukandida uzaba wegukanye amajwi 270 muri ba batora bakuru 538 bazatora president kuya 14 ukuboza 2020.
President azarahirira imirimo ye kuya 20 mutarama 2021.