COP26: Amasezerano mashya yagezweho i Glasgow ku kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ikirere

Amasezerano agamije guhagarika ingaruka ikomeye y’ihindagurika ry’ikirere yagezweho mu nama ya COP26 i Glasgow muri Scotland.

Aya masezerano azwi nka ‘Glasgow Climate Pact’ ni yo ya mbere ku kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ikirere avuze mu buryo bweruye ko afite gahunda yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibitanga-ngufu bya ‘coal’, bihumanya ikirere.

Aya masezerano anashyira ikindi gitsure ku kugabanya byihutirwa imyuka ihumanya ikirere ndetse akiyemeza gutanga andi mafaranga ku bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere – yo kubifasha guhangana n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

Ariko ibyiyemejwe ntabwo bihagije cyane ku gutuma ubushyuhe bw’isi butarenga dogere 1.5C.

Kwiyemeza kuva gahoro gahoro ku ikoreshwa ry’ibitanga-ngufu bya ‘coal’ kwari kwashyizwe mu mpanzirizamishinga z’ibiganiro kwarangiye mu buryo butari bwitezwe, nyuma yuko Ubuhinde burangaje imbere ibihugu byanze uko kwiyemeza.

Minisitiri w’Ubuhinde wo kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ikirere Bhupender Yadav yabajije ukuntu ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere bishobora gusezeranya kureka gahoro gahoro ikoreshwa ry’ibitanga-ngufu nka ‘coal’ mu gihe “bigihanganye na za gahunda zabyo z’iterambere no kurandura ubucyene”.

Byarangiye ibihugu byiyemeje “kugabanya gahoro gahoro” aho “kuva [kureka] gahoro gahoro” ku ikoreshwa ry’ibitanga-ngufu bya ‘coal’, mu gihe hari bamwe ibyo byababaje. Perezida wa COP26 Alok Sharma yavuze ko “ababajwe bikomeye” n’uko ibintu byagenze.
Yarwanye no gusubizayo amarira ubwo yabwiraga intumwa zihagarariye ibihugu muri iyo nama ko ari ingenzi cyane kurinda ibikubiye muri aya masezerano yose uko yakabaye.

Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza Boris Johnson yavuze ko yizeye ko isi “izasubiza amaso inyuma ikareba COP26 i Glasgow nk’intangiriro y’umusozo w’ihindagurika ry’ikirere”, asezeranya “gukomeza gukora nta kunanirwa mu cyerekezo cy’iyo ntego”.

Yongeyeho ati: “Haracyari byinshi cyane byo gukora mu myaka iri imbere. Ariko amasezerano y’uyu munsi ni intambwe nini itewe kandi, by’ingenzi cyane, dufite amasezerano mpuzamahanga ya mbere na mbere ku kugabanya gahoro gahoro ‘coal’ ndetse n’igishushanyo-mbonera ku gutuma ubushyuhe bw’isi butiyongera ngo burenge dogere 1.5”.

John Kerry, intumwa y’Amerika ku kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ikirere, yavuze ko n’ubundi bitari byitezwe ko inama y’i Glasgow yagera ku cyemezo “cyo gusoza amakuba ukuntu”, ariko avuga ko “imbunda ntoya” yarashwe mu rugamba rwerekeza ku kuyasoza.

Hagati aho, umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye (ONU/UN) António Guterres yavuze ko “umubumbe wacu w’intege nkeya unagannye ku kagozi. Turacyarimo gukomanga ku muryango w’amakuba atewe n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

“Ni igihe cy’ingamba zihutirwa – cyangwa amahirwe yacu yo kugera ku myuka zeru ihumanya ikirere yo ubwayo akazaba zeru”.

Bijyanye n’aya masezerano, ibihugu byiyemeje guhura mu mwaka utaha bikagira ibindi byiyemeza ku kugabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya ‘carbon’, kugira ngo intego yo gutuma kwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe bw’isi kutarenga dogere 1.5C igerweho. Ibyo ibihugu byiyemeje kugeza ubu, bigezweho, byatuma gusa ubushyuhe bw’isi butarenga dogere 2.4C.

Mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’isi bwarenga dogere 1.5C, abahanga muri siyansi bavuga ko isi ishobora guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye cyane zirimo nko kuba abandi bantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni bagerwaho n’ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane.

Nubwo habayeho koroshya imvugo ku bijyanye n’ibitanga-ngufu bya ‘coal’, bamwe mu babikurikiranira hafi barabona aya masezerano ya nyuma nk’intsinzi, bashimangira ko ari bwo bwa mbere ‘coal’ ivuzweho byeruye mu nyandiko za ONU zo muri ubu bwoko.

Ibitanga-ngufu bya ‘coal’ buri mwaka ku isi biba byihariye hafi 40% by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO2, bituma biba izingiro ry’ibikorwa byo kugera ku ntego yo gutuma kwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe bw’isi kutarenga dogere 1.5C.

Mu rwego rwo kugera kuri iyi ntego, yemeranyijweho mu nama y’i Paris mu 2015, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi ikwiye kugabanywaho 45% bitarenze mu mwaka wa 2030, ndetse ikagezwa ku kigero hafi cya zeru bitarenze hagati muri iki kinyejana.

Jennifer Morgan, ukuriye ikigo giharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije cya Greenpeace International, yagize ati: “Bahinduye ijambo ariko ntibashobora guhindura ubutumwa burimo kuva muri iyi [nama ya] COP, ko igihe cya [cyo gukoresha] ‘coal’ kirimo kurangira.

“Biri mu nyungu z’ibihugu byose, harimo n’ibigitwika ‘coal’, kujya mu nzibacyuho [imfatakibanza mu Kirundi] yerekeza ku gukoresha ingufu zidahumanya ikirere zivugurura”.