Andi Makuru

Imitungo y’abatishyura inguzanyo zo kwiga kaminuza ishobora gufatirwa

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267 4 Gusoma biratwara iminota 4

Banki Itsura Amajyambere y’u Rwanda (BRD), yatangaje ko kuva mu 2016 imaze kwishyuza miliyari 21 Frw z’inguzanyo zo kwiga kaminuza n’amashuri makuru, aho uyu munsi hari abagera ku bihumbi 29 bari kwishyura.

Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980 nibwo hatangijwe gahunda yo guha ideni abarihirwaga na leta biga muri kaminuza, bakazaryishyura ari uko barangije kwiga, aho kuri ubu bishyura 8% by’amafaranga binjiza.

Abize kaminuza bishyuriwe na leta basabwa kwishyura inguzanyo ya buruse, abamaze kumenyekana aho bakorera bageze ku gipimo cya 90%.

BRD yatangaje ko hari ibihano biteganyijwe ku binangiye kwishyura inguzanyo aho bizagera ku gufatira imitungo cyangwa konti zabo ndetse bajya no kwaka inguzanyo mu mabanki bakaba batazihabwa.

Ibi ni bimwe mu bikubiye mu iteka rya Minisitiri rigena ibigenerwa abanyeshuri ryo ku wa 04/01/2023.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe ishami ry’Uburezi muri BRD, Wilson Rurangwa, yasobanuye ko kuva mu 2016 BRD yishyuzaga abigiye ku nguzanyo ya Leta ariko nta buryo bwari buhari bwo guhatira umuntu kwishyura hifashishijwe itegeko.

Umukoresha amenyesha ikigo cy’imari akoresheje inyandiko yabugenewe umukozi washyizwe mu mwanya wahawe inguzanyo yo kwiga, mu gihe kitarenze iminsi 15 y’akazi uhereye ku munsi umukozi mushya yashyiriwe mu mwanya.

Umukoresha amenyesha ikigo cy’imari abakozi bishyuye inguzanyo yo kwiga ku mushahara bitarenze ku munsi wa 15 gukurikiyeho, kandi muri icyo gihe agomba kuba yagejeje amafaranga y’inguzanyo yo kwiga yishyuwe kuri konti yabigenewe y’ikigo cy’imari.

Uwahawe inguzanyo yo kwiga utamenyesha umukoresha ko yigiye ku nguzanyo kugira ngo yishyurwe ku mushahara we, udakora imenyekanisha cyangwa utishyura inguzanyo yo kwiga ku gihe nta mpamvu ifatika iyo yikorera cyangwa ukorera mu mahanga, cyangwa ukorana n’ibigo by’ububanyi n’amahanga bikorera mu Rwanda aba akoze ikosa kandi ahanishwa ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi ingana na 10% by’amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa.

Umukoresha udakora imenyekanisha, udakura amafaranga yagenewe kwishyura inguzanyo yo kwiga ku mushahara w’umukozi wahawe inguzanyo yo kwiga cyangwa uyakuraho ntayishyure ku gihe, aba akoze ikosa kandi ahanishwa ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi ingana na 10% by’amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa.

Rurangwa yasobanuye ko mu gihe hazakorwa ubugenzuzi uwishyuzwa inguzanyo cyangwa umukoresha bagahabwa iminsi 15 yo kwishyura ariko ntibabikore, hashobora kubaho no gufatira konti n’imitungo.

Ati “Nshobora gufata ya baruwa nandikiye ikigo runaka nkereka amafaranga bagomba kwishyura, nkereka amafaranga cyaciwe, ngahita menyesha amabanki ku buryo bashobora gufatira konti zabo nk’igihano ndetse ku buryo ufite n’umutungo nshobora kuwugeraho nkavuga nti uyu mutungo ugomba kwishyura ideni”.

Ibi bisobanuye ko utishyuye inguzanyo yo kwiga cyangwa uri umukoresha abakozi bawe ntibishyure, BRD ifite uburenganzira bwo kwandikira banki runaka ikayisaba ko konti y’ikigo runaka ifatirwa.

BRD ivuga ko itifuza kugera ku rwego rwo gutangira gukoresha abahesha b’inkiko mu kwishyuza inguzanyo zo kwiga ariko ‘nibiba ngombwa bazakoreshwa mu guteza imitungo y’abanze kwishyura’.

Iteka riteganya ko uwahawe inguzanyo yo kwiga cyangwa umukoresha utishyuye inguzanyo yo kwiga ku gihe, yishyura inyungu z’ubukererwe zingana na 1,5% by’amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa kuri buri kwezi k’ubukererwe.

Inyungu z’ubukerererwe zibarwa uhereye ku munsi uwahawe inguzanyo yo kwiga yatangiriyeho akazi cyangwa igihe uwahawe inguzanyo uvugwa mu ngingo ya 22 y’iri teka yashyiriye umukono ku masezerano yo kwishyura.

Iyo umubare w’iminsi y’ubukererwe utageze ku kwezi, iyo minsi ifatwa nk’ukwezi kose.

Niba wagombaga kwishyura amafaranga ntuyishyure uzajya wishyura 1.5% buri kwezi y’ubukererwe kugeza igihe ayo mafaranga uzayishyurira agashiramo.

Ibi bigamije ko haboneka amafaranga yo gufasha abandi banyarwanda gushobora kwiga nk’uko n’abandi bishyuzwa bashoboye kwiga.

Umuti wavugutiwe abikorera

Hari abantu bigiye ku nguzanyo ya leta bakajya gukora nk’ubucuruzi cyangwa ibindi ku buryo kubishyuza byari bigoye keretse babikoze ku bushake.

BRD iherutse gutangiza ikoranabuhanga ryiswe ‘Minuza’ rizanafasha mu gutahura abahawe inguzanyo bakanga kuyishyura.

‘Minuza’ yahujwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa guhemba abakozi ba leta (Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) ndetse n’iry’Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro (RRA).

Yakomeje asobanura ko umuntu wese ufite umushahara cyangwa ibikorwa bisora kumubona muri RRA bizaba byoroshye.

Ukeneye kumenya abakozi b’ikigo runaka barebwa no kwishyura inguzanyo ya buruse azaba ashobora kwinjira mu ikoranabuhanga rya RRA ahite abona urutonde rw’abo bakozi n’ibibaranga bityo byorohe kubegera no kubishyuza mu gihe bigaragye ko bafite umwenda.

Rurangwa ati “Umuntu wese waba akorera ikigo cyaba icya leta cyangwa uwikorera, dushobora kumuhamagara mu ikoranabuhanga rya RRA, wa muntu igihe agaragaye iwacu dushobora guhita tumenya ko yishyura cyangwa atishyura”.

Muri iri koranabuhanga hifashishwa indangamuntu mu gutandukanya abantu.

Rurangwa avuga ko niba umuntu yarigiye ku nguzanyo akaba akora nk’ubucuruzi runaka afite TIN Number, ikoranabuhanga rya Minuza rizajya rituma BRD imumenya bigaragare niba yishyura cyangwa atishyura.

Ati “Dushobora kubona ngo umuntu wishyura umusoro muri RRA, ufite iyi TIN Number, iri ku ndangamuntu iyi n’iyi, tukareba niba mu ikoranabuhanga rya BRD arimo kuko na aderesi iraboneka tugahita tumumenyesha ko agomba guhita atangira kwishyura”.

Mu minsi iri imbere abarimo inguzanyo zo kwiga bazashyirwa muri CRB [amakuru y’imyenda ku bigo by’imari hirya no hino mu gihugu] ku buryo hari serivisi z’amabanki batahabwa batishyuye.

Uyu munsi hari amabanki asaba ukeneye serivisi nk’inguzanyo kubanza kwishyura inguzanyo yo kwiga, icyo gihe BRD imusaba kwishyura nibura amezi atatu kugira ngo akurwe muri CRB.

BRD yihaye amezi atandatu yo kumenyekanisha iri teka.

Uwahawe inguzanyo yo kwiga mbere y’uko iri teka ritangira gukurikizwa, guhera mu mwaka wa 1980, ayishyura akurikije amategeko n’amabwiriza byerekeranye n’inguzanyo yo kwiga byakurikizwaga igihe yayihabwaga.

Abazajya bahabwa inguzanyo yo kwiga bazajya bishyura inyungu ingana na 11% ku banyeshuri barangije mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri makuru na 12% ku banyeshuri barangije mu cyiciro cya kabiri n’icya gatatu cy’amashuri makuru.

Abize kuva mu 1980-1989, bishyuzwa ibihumbi 40Frw y’igitabo nk’uko itegeko ryabiteganya icyo gihe, ibindi byose byabarwaga nka buruse [amafaranga y’ishuri n’ayo gutunga umunyeshuri].

Abize kuva mu 1989-2008 bishyuzwa amafaranga leta yabahaga yo kubatunga ku nyungu ya 5%, abize ku nguzanyo guhera 2008 kugeza uyu munsi bishyuzwa amafaranga y’ishuri n’ayo kubatunga ku nyungu ya 11% ku banyeshuri barangije mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri makuru na 12% ku banyeshuri barangije mu cyiciro cya kabiri n’icya gatatu cy’amashuri makuru.

igihe

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